Peptide Bonds & Structure

The peptide bond exhibits resonance between a neutral form (C=O, C-N) and a zwitterionic form (C-O⁻, C=N⁺). This delocal...

Cis-trans isomerization in proline is a unique phenomenon arising from the cyclic nature of the pyrrolidine side chain. ...

The Polyproline II (PPII) helix is a left-handed, extended secondary structure (n=3 residues/turn, rise ≈ 3.1 Å) defined...

Peptide bond hydrolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction where water attacks the carbonyl carbon, cleaving t...

The Ramachandran plot maps the allowed backbone conformations of proteins by plotting the φ (phi) and ψ (psi) dihedral a...

Hydrogen bonds between backbone amide groups (N-H···O=C) are the defining interactions that stabilize protein secondary ...