AOD-9604

AOD-9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug 9604) is a synthetic analog of the lipolytic region of human growth hormone, specifically the C-terminal fragment corresponding to amino acids 177-191. This peptide was developed to harness the fat-burning properties of growth hormone while eliminating its other biological effects. The development of AOD-9604 was based on the observation that the fat-reducing effects of growth hormone are mediated by a different region than its growth-promoting and metabolic effects. By isolating and modifying this specific fragment, researchers aimed to create a targeted anti-obesity agent. Clinical development of AOD-9604 has had a complex history, with varying results across different trial designs. Despite not achieving regulatory approval as an anti-obesity medication, it remains a subject of ongoing research interest.

AOD-9604 works through several proposed mechanisms: **Lipolytic Activation**: The peptide stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) by activating beta-3 adrenergic receptors on adipocytes, leading to increased release of stored fatty acids. **Lipogenesis Inhibition**: AOD-9604 appears to inhibit lipogenesis, the process by which the body creates and stores new fat from dietary sources. **Selective Action**: Unlike full growth hormone, AOD-9604 does not bind to the growth hormone receptor, avoiding effects on IGF-1 levels, glucose metabolism, or tissue growth. **Fat Cell Targeting**: The peptide shows preferential effects on adipose tissue, with minimal impact on other tissues that respond to growth hormone. **Metabolic Regulation**: Research suggests effects on metabolic rate and energy expenditure independent of direct lipolytic action.

AOD-9604 research has produced varied results: **Preclinical Studies**: Animal studies demonstrated significant reductions in body fat without changes in food intake, blood glucose, or IGF-1 levels. Mice treated with AOD-9604 showed reduced fat mass and improved metabolic parameters. **Phase II Clinical Trials**: Initial trials showed modest weight loss compared to placebo in obese subjects. Results were statistically significant but clinically modest. **Phase III Disappointment**: Larger Phase III trials failed to demonstrate sufficient efficacy for regulatory approval as an obesity treatment. **Cartilage Research**: More recent research has explored AOD-9604 for osteoarthritis and cartilage repair, with some promising preliminary results. **Safety Profile**: Across all studies, AOD-9604 demonstrated an excellent safety profile with no serious adverse events attributed to treatment.

Research protocols for AOD-9604 have used various approaches: **Typical Research Doses**: Studies have employed doses ranging from 250-500mcg per day, typically administered in the morning before food. **Administration Timing**: Most protocols suggest fasted administration to optimize fat-burning effects and avoid potential interference from dietary fats. **Cycle Duration**: Research protocols have ranged from 12-24 weeks in duration. **Note**: As AOD-9604 did not achieve regulatory approval, standardized dosing guidelines do not exist. All parameters are derived from research contexts.

AOD-9604 has demonstrated a favorable safety profile: **Clinical Trial Data**: No serious adverse events were attributed to AOD-9604 in clinical trials. **Common Observations**: - Injection site reactions (mild, transient) - Occasional headache **Notable Absences**: Unlike HGH, AOD-9604 does not cause: - Hyperglycemia - Water retention - Joint pain - Carpal tunnel symptoms - IGF-1 elevation **Long-term Data**: Extended safety data is limited due to the discontinuation of clinical development.